I started using timeouts about this age with my little guy. I did use the crib, but only because that was the safest place I could put him. I totally understand why you'd prefer not to do that. The thing that helped me the most was not looking at timeout as a form of punishment but rather as an opportunity for him to calm down. There was a phase where he was biting out of frustration or thrashing around and yelling when we tried to change his diaper. I would place him in his crib and walk out of the room without any kind of reaction. Thankspically, because he was frustrated, he would be yelling or crying. I'd wait in the hallway outside his room until I heard the crying or yelling subside (sometimes just 10-15 seconds, sometimes a minute or two). As soon as that happened, I'd go in his room and say in a cheerful voice, "Hi! Are you ready to change your diaper? " or "Hi! Are you feeling better now? " I'd then lift him out of his crib. If he continued with the previous tantrum, I'd say, "Sounds like you're not ready yet. Let me know when you are. " and I'd put him back in the crib and repeat the exercise until he was calm when I took him out of the crib. I don't think he really was processing the words I was saying, but he picked up on my tone and body language. His behavior was coming from frustration and inability communicate that frustration with language, so he didn't need punishment. But he did need to understand that the behavior he was displaying was ineffective for getting what he wanted. Because he didn't get any reaction out of me (positive or negative) when he displayed a behavior I didn't like, he didn't get anything from it. Because he got a positive reaction from me when he displayed a behavior I did like, he figured out that was the more effective way to get what he wanted. I used to work at an aquarium with the animal caregivers, and they taught me a lot about positive reinforcement training with animals. It might sound kind of weird, but we're all animals. The most effective way to communicate with the animals was to ignore unwanted behavior and to reward wanted behavior. This is a really, really long response so I apologize if it's rambling, and I hope you find it helpful!